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Russian Aerospace Defense Forces. Russian Aerospace Forces: missions, composition, command, weapons |
Space ForceFrom the history of creationSpace Force The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation were created in accordance with the Presidential Decree Russian Federation dated March 24, 2001. The first military formations for space purposes were formed in 1955, when by decree of the USSR government it was decided to build a research site, which later became the world-famous Baikonur Cosmodrome. In 1957, in connection with preparations for the launch of the first artificial Earth satellite, the Command and Measurement Complex for Spacecraft Control was created (now the Main Test Center for Testing and Control of Spacecraft named after G.S. Titov, GITSIU KS). In the same year, in the city of Mirny, Arkhangelsk region, construction began on a test site intended for launches of R-7 intercontinental ballistic missiles - the current Plesetsk cosmodrome. On October 4, 1957, the launch and control units of spacecraft carried out the launch of the first artificial Earth satellite "PS-1", and on April 12, 1961 - the launch and control of the flight of the world's first manned spacecraft "Vostok" with cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin on board. Subsequently, all domestic and international space programs were carried out with the direct participation of military units in launching and controlling spacecraft. In 1964, to centralize work on the creation of new means, as well as to quickly resolve issues of using space means, the Central Directorate of Space Facilities (TSUKOS) of the USSR Ministry of Defense was created. In 1970, TsUKOS was reorganized into the Main Directorate of Space Facilities (GUKOS) of the Ministry of Defense. In 1982, GUKOS and the units subordinate to it were withdrawn from the Strategic Missile Forces (RVSN) and subordinated directly to the Minister of Defense. In 1992, in accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of July 27, 1992, the Military space force(VKS) of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, which included the Baikonur Cosmodrome, spacecraft launch parts of the Plesetsk test site, and the Main Test Center for testing and control of space assets. Colonel General Vladimir Ivanov was appointed the first commander of the Aerospace Forces. In 1997, according to the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of July 16, “in accordance with the needs of defense and security, as well as the real economic capabilities of the country,” the Russian Aerospace Forces merged with the Strategic Missile Forces (RVSN) and the Missile and Space Defense Forces (RKO) of the Air Defense Forces. In 2001, due to the increasing role of space assets in the military and national security Russia, the country's top political leadership decided to create, on the basis of formations, formations and units for launching and controlling spacecraft, as well as the RKO troops, a new type of force - the Space Forces - on the basis of the formations and units allocated from the Strategic Missile Forces. On March 26, 2002, the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation presented a personal standard to the commander of the Space Forces. On October 3, 2002, by decree of the President of the Russian Federation, Space Forces Day was introduced, celebrated annually on October 4.
The creation of the Space Forces is dictated by the real increase in the role of national space complexes and systems in information support for the activities of the Russian Armed Forces and is an essential element in the further strengthening of the country's defense and security. The Space Forces are a fundamentally new branch of the military, which is designed to ensure Russia’s security in the space sector. The integration of formations, formations and units of launch, spacecraft control, missile attack warning, space control and missile defense into one branch of the military was dictated, first of all, by the fact that they have one field of application - space. The complexes and systems of the Space Forces solve problems of a national strategic scale not only in the interests of the Russian Armed Forces and other law enforcement agencies, but also of most ministries and departments, the economy, and the social sphere. The main tasks of the Space Forces are to communicate warnings to the country's top military-political leadership about a missile attack, missile defense of Moscow, the creation, deployment, maintenance and management of an orbital constellation of military, dual, socio-economic and scientific spacecraft. The use of outer space and the capabilities of space systems around the world is assessed as one of the most important factors in the political, military and economic security of the state. Space Force MilestonesThe first military units for space purposes were formed in connection with preparations for the launch of the first artificial Earth satellite (NIIP No. 5 - now the Baikonur State Test Cosmodrome, created on June 2, 1955, the annual holiday is June 2). A center for command and measurement complexes was formed (now the Main Test Center for Testing and Control of Spacecraft named after G.S. Titov, GITSIU KS, annual holiday - October 4) to ensure testing of launched and control of the first experimental spacecraft and cosmonaut flights. On July 15, the first ICBM compound “Angara facility” was created (now the State Test Cosmodrome “Plesetsk”, the annual holiday of the cosmodrome). To create favorable conditions for the implementation of a long-term military space program, the formation of the first management body within the Strategic Missile Forces - the third directorate of the GURVO. Kerim Alievich Kerimov was appointed the first head of the department. Kerimov Kerim Alievich (born in 1919). In 1944, after graduating from the Artillery Academy. F.E. Dzerzhinsky served in the system of the Main Directorate of Armament of Guards Mortar Units. After the war, he participated as part of a group of Soviet specialists in the collection and study of German rocket technology. After returning, he worked in the 4th Directorate of the GAU: senior officer, head of department, deputy head of department. During this period, he made a great contribution to the organization of orders for the first serial rocketry. In March 1965, he was appointed head of the Main Directorate for Space Issues of the USSR Ministry of General Engineering. Subsequently, he was appointed chairman of the State Commission for flight testing of manned spacecraft and cosmonaut launches. He was awarded military rank Lieutenant General For his active work in the field of cosmonautics development, he was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor, laureate of the Lenin and State Prizes, and was awarded a number of orders and medals of the USSR. For reference: by the end of the 50s - the beginning of the 60s, the organizational structure of space units included a test department, separate engineering and testing units and a test site measuring complex at the Baikonur test site, a command and measurement complex center and 12 separate scientific measurement points. On March 4, 1961, the B-1000 anti-missile with a high-explosive fragmentation warhead, developed in an experimental design bureau under the leadership of Academician P.D. Grushin, for the first time in the world, the warhead of a domestic R-12 ballistic missile launched from the Kapustin Yar test site was destroyed in flight. To centralize work on the creation of new assets, as well as to quickly resolve issues of using space assets, the Central Directorate of Space Assets (TSUKOS) of the Ministry of Defense was created (stationed in Moscow). Its chief was Major General K.A. Kerimov. The Central Directorate of Space Facilities (TSUKOS) of the Ministry of Defense was headed by Major General A.G. Karas. Karas Andrey Grigorievich (1918-1979). Colonel General, laureate of the USSR State Prize (1970), head of GUKOS (1970-1979). IN Armed Forces ah since 1938. Graduated from the Odessa Artillery School. Member of the Great Patriotic War. After the war he graduated from the Academy. F.E. Dzerzhinsky. In missile units since May 1951: head of the staff department, deputy chief, chief of staff of the Kapustin Yar test site, chief of staff of the Baikonur test site, scientific consultant of the 4th Central Research Institute of Defense, head of the command and measurement complex (1959). Since 1965 - head of TsUKOS (GUKOS). On March 17, the first launch of the Vostok-2 space rocket with the Cosmos-112 spacecraft was carried out from the NIIP MO (now the Plesetsk State Test Cosmodrome). In 1967, in accordance with the directives of the General Staff of the USSR Armed Forces dated January 31 and March 30, the Directorate of the Commander of the Anti-Missile Defense (BMD) and Anti-Space Defense Forces (PKO) was formed. In 1968, flight design tests of the PKO “IS” complex began and on November 1, 1968, for the first time in the world, the task of intercepting and destroying the I-2M target spacecraft using a two-orbit interception method was successfully completed. For the development of space assets in the interests of all branches of the Armed Forces of the USSR, National economy and scientific research, TsUKOS was reorganized into the Main Directorate of Space Facilities (GUKOS) of the Ministry of Defense. GUKOS was headed by Major General A.A. Maksimov. Maksimov Alexander Alexandrovich (1923-1990). Colonel General, Hero of Socialist Labor (1984), laureate of the Lenin (1979) and State Prize (1968) of the USSR, head of space assets (1986-1990). Participant of the Great Patriotic War. After the war, he graduated from the F.E. Dzerzhinsky Artillery Academy in 1952. He served in the military representative office at the S.P. design bureau. Korolev, then in the 4th Directorate of the GAU. As work on space assets expanded, A.A. Maksimov received new appointments: deputy chief, first deputy, chief of GUKOS (1979). In 1986, he was appointed head of space assets of the USSR Ministry of Defense. GUKOS and the units subordinate to it were withdrawn from the Strategic Missile Forces and subordinated directly to the USSR Minister of Defense, since the volume of tasks being solved had increased significantly. Branch 4 of the Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation was transformed into the 50th Central Research Institute of KS and is subordinate directly to the head of GUKOS. On October 1, the directorate of the missile defense and anti-aircraft missile defense troops was reorganized into the command of the missile and space defense forces (RKO). August 1992 A logical step was the creation of the Military Space Forces (VKS) of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, which included the Baikonur Cosmodrome, spacecraft launch units at the Plesetsk test site, and the GITSIU KS. Colonel General V.L. Ivanov was appointed the first commander of the Aerospace Forces (the Office of the Commander of the Aerospace Forces was stationed in Moscow). Ivanov Vladimir Leontievich (born in 1936). Colonel General, Commander of the Military Space Forces (1992-1997), Doctor of Military Sciences (1992). In 1958 he graduated from the Caspian Higher Naval School named after S.M. Kirov and was appointed to the missile unit (Plesetsk) as crew chief. After successfully graduating from the command department of the F.E. Dzerzhinsky Military Engineering Academy in 1971, he was appointed commander of a missile regiment, then deputy commander and commander of a missile division, deputy chief and chief of the Plesetsk cosmodrome. On March 1, 1996, the State Test Cosmodrome “Svobodny” was created as part of the Aerospace Forces, the annual holiday of the cosmodrome. March 4 - the first launch of a space rocket (RKN "Start-1.2" with the "Zeya" spacecraft) from the State Test Cosmodrome "Svobodny". The Aerospace Forces and RKO troops became part of the Strategic Missile Forces to increase the efficiency of military space activities. However, the integration goals were not achieved. In addition, a number of serious problems arose due to an attempt in a purely mechanical way to combine in one branch of the Armed Forces a strike group of ground-based strategic nuclear forces and military space formations that provide space information senior levels governance of the country and the Armed Forces. In connection with the negative results of integration and the increasing role of space assets in the military and national security system of Russia, the country's top political leadership decided to create, on the basis of associations, formations and spacecraft launch and control units allocated from the Strategic Missile Forces, as well as the RKO troops, a new type of force - Space troops (The Office of the Commander of the Space Forces is stationed in Moscow). By decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated March 28, Colonel General Anatoly Nikolaevich Perminov was appointed commander of the Space Forces. On June 1, the Space Forces of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation were formed and began to carry out their assigned tasks. On October 3, by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 1115, Space Forces Day was introduced, celebrated annually on October 4. On April 12, President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin got acquainted with the activities of the A.F. Mozhaisky Military Space Academy (St. Petersburg), where in one of the laboratories of the main military educational institution of the Space Forces he held a communication session with the crew of the international space mission stations. On the basis of the branch of the Military Space Academy named after A.F. Mozhaisky, the Pushkin Military Institute of Radio Electronics of the Space Forces named after Air Marshal E.Ya. Savitsky was created (Pushkin, Leningrad Region). On February 17, during a strategic command and staff training of the Russian Armed Forces, Russian President V.V. Putin arrived at the Plesetsk cosmodrome, where on February 18 he was present at the launch of the Molniya-M launch vehicle with a military spacecraft. By Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 337 of March 10, Lieutenant General Vladimir Aleksandrovich Popovkin was appointed commander of the Space Forces. On March 15, the optical-electronic complex “Window”, part of the space control system, was put on combat duty. On April 3, at the Main Test Center for Testing and Control of Space Facilities (GITSIU KS) named after G.S. Titov (Krasnoznamensk, Moscow Region), a meeting was held between the Presidents of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin and the French Republic J. Chirac. During a visit to the command post of the GITSIU KS, the commander of the Space Forces, Lieutenant General V.V. Popovkin, reported to the heads of both states on the composition of the Space Forces, the tasks they solve and the control system for the orbital constellation of Russian spacecraft, as well as on the directions of international cooperation in the field of space in regarding France. On April 30, by order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation No. 125, the flag of the Space Forces was approved. On May 9, the combined battalion of the Moscow Military Institute of Radio Electronics of the Space Forces represented the Space Forces for the first time as part of a parade squad on Red Square. Structure of the Space ForceThe Space Forces include the Missile and Space Defense Association (RKO); State test cosmodromes of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation “Baikonur”, “Plesetsk” and “Svobodny”; Main Test Center for Testing and Control of Spacecraft named after G.S. Titov; management for depositing cash settlement services; military educational institutions and support units. The RKO association includes missile attack warning, missile defense and space control units. October 4 – Russian Space Forces DayAccording to the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated October 3, 2002, October 4 is celebrated as Space Forces Day. The holiday is dedicated to the day of the launch of the first artificial earth satellite, which opened the chronicle of astronautics, including military ones. The world's first artificial satellite, called PS-1 (the simplest satellite-1), was launched on October 4, 1957. The launch took place from the 5th research site of the USSR Ministry of Defense, which later became the world-famous Baikonur Cosmodrome. This spacecraft was a ball with a diameter of less than 60 centimeters and weighed just over 80 kilograms. It was in orbit for 92 days, covering a path of about 60 million kilometers. Since then, more than 24 thousand space objects have been included in space catalogs, including almost 5 thousand satellites. Today, satellites from 50 countries around the world rotate in low-Earth orbit. But Russia holds the palm. It was she who became the author of the first launch. The Space Forces of the Russian Ministry of Defense were created in accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 24, 2001. Until this time, the functions of ensuring space security were performed by the military space forces, which were part of the Strategic Missile Forces. On June 1, 2001, the headquarters and Command Post of the Space Forces took over control of the troops. From this day on, the Space Forces began to carry out their intended tasks in full. On March 26, 2002, the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation presented a personal Standard to the commander of the Space Forces. But the first military formations for space purposes were formed back in the second half of the 50s of the last century in connection with preparations for the launch of the first artificial Earth satellite. By the beginning of the 60s, their organizational structure included a test department, separate engineering and testing units and a measurement complex at the Baikonur test site, as well as a Command and Measurement Complex Center and 12 separate scientific and measurement stations for spacecraft control and measurements. In 1964, it was decided to create the Plesetsk training ground on the basis of the Strategic Missile Forces units on combat duty. It was supposed to ensure launches of spacecraft into polar orbits and testing of promising missile weapons. To centralize work on the creation of new launch vehicles and spacecraft, as well as to quickly resolve issues of using space assets, the Central Directorate of Space Assets (TSUKOS) of the Ministry of Defense was created in 1964. In 1970, it was reorganized into the Main Directorate of Space Facilities (GUKOS) of the Ministry of Defense. In 1982, GUKOS and the units subordinate to it were withdrawn from the Strategic Missile Forces and subordinated directly to the USSR Minister of Defense, since the volume of tasks being solved had increased significantly. In 1986, GUKOS was reorganized into the Office of the Chief of Space Facilities of the USSR Ministry of Defense (UNKS). A logical step was the creation in August 1992 of the Military Space Forces (VKS) of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, which included the Baikonur, Plesetsk, Svobodny cosmodromes, as well as the Main Test Center for testing and controlling space assets. Almost during the same period, the formation of the Rocket and Space Defense (RKO) troops took place. Active space activities are evidence of the economic, scientific and technical power of the state. Space is becoming an area of vital interest for the world's leading states. The expansion of its use for socio-economic purposes determines a steady trend towards increasing dependence of the economic power and social well-being of the country on the scale and efficiency of its space activities. In this regard, competition for the possession of orbital frequencies and other space resources is intensifying in the world. Therefore, the protection of national economic interests in the space sector is already considered by the world's leading states as an objective necessity. On the other hand, the specific properties of outer space, such as globality, extraterritoriality and the ability to ensure continuity of presence, determine the increasing dependence of the effectiveness of armed struggle on land, at sea and in the air on the effectiveness of the use of space military systems, primarily information ones. Currently, in military affairs there is a tendency to ensure overwhelming military superiority over the enemy, primarily through achieving information superiority. And this can only be achieved through the widespread use of space information technologies. Space information is a key element of modern and future high-precision weapons systems; without it, the effective implementation of a rapid response and preemptive impact strategy is impossible. In other words, space has already become an integral part of the military potential of the world's leading powers, and its contribution to this potential is steadily increasing. Accordingly, we can conclude that the creation of the Space Forces was caused by objective global economic and military trends. It was carefully balanced, comprehensively thought out and, of course, contributed to increasing the efficiency of military space activities, defense and security of the Russian Federation. The Space Forces perform the tasks of missile attack warning, missile defense, space control, creation, deployment, maintenance and control of an orbital constellation of spacecraft for various purposes. Since the launch of the first artificial Earth satellite, the history of domestic cosmonautics has been inextricably linked with the strengthening of the country's defense capability. By solving the problems of information support for the activities of troops and naval forces, military personnel and civilian personnel of the Space Forces make a significant contribution to the exploration of near-Earth space for peaceful purposes. Through their labor, unique facilities for rocket and space defense, launch and control of spacecraft have been created and operated. The centralization of the management of military space activities in a separate branch of the Armed Forces has become a natural and objectively justified stage of military reform, reflecting the increasing role of space in ensuring the national security and defense of the Russian Federation. Today, the Space Forces are successfully implementing the main directions of the state military-technical policy and federal space programs. Together with research institutions and defense industry enterprises, work is being carried out to modernize and increase the capabilities of rocket and space complexes and weapons systems in the interests of increasing the effectiveness of the combat use of the Armed Forces. The personnel of the Space Forces worthily continue the glorious traditions of loyalty to military duty and dedication of their predecessors, constantly raising their professional level. The modern generation of military personnel and civilian specialists of the Space Forces professionally and responsibly solves the problems of maintaining and using the orbital constellation of military, dual, socio-economic and scientific spacecraft, as well as the country’s rocket and space defense. Middle emblem of the Russian Space Forces Flag of the Russian Space Forces Space Forces- a separate branch of the armed forces of the Russian Federation, responsible for military operations in space. On June 1 of the year, the Space Forces of the Russian Armed Forces were formed and began to carry out tasks. According to the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated October 3, 2002, October 4 is celebrated as Space Forces Day. The holiday is dedicated to the day of the launch of the first artificial earth satellite, which opened the chronicle of astronautics, including military ones. TasksThe main tasks of the space forces are:
StoryUntil 1981, responsibility for the creation, development and use of space assets was assigned to the Central Directorate of Space Assets (TSUS) of the Strategic Missile Forces of the USSR Armed Forces. At the end of the 70s, a contradiction objectively arose and began to intensify between the interspecific nature of the tasks being solved and the subordinate subordination of military space. Under these conditions, the leadership of the USSR Ministry of Defense (USSR Ministry of Defense) in 1981 decided to remove the Main Directorate of Space Facilities (GUKOS) from the Strategic Missile Forces and subordinate it directly to the General Staff. In 1986, GUKOS was transformed into the Office of the Chief of Space Facilities (UNKS). In 1992, the UNKS was transformed into a centrally subordinate branch of the military - the Military Space Forces (VKS), which included the Baikonur, Plesetsk, Svobodny cosmodromes (in 1966), as well as the Main Control Center for spacecraft (SC) for military and civilian purposes. In 1997, the VKS became part of the Strategic Missile Forces. Taking into account the increasing role of space assets in the system of military and national security of Russia, in 2001 the country's top political leadership decided to create, on the basis of associations, formations and launch and missile launch units allocated from the Strategic Missile Forces, a new type of troops - the Space Forces. At the same time, it was taken into account that space forces and means, forces and means of the RKO have a single sphere of problem solving - space, as well as close cooperation of industrial enterprises, ensuring the creation and development of weapons. Orbital constellationFor comparison, the United States has the largest orbital constellation, which owns 413 artificial satellites. In third place is China with 34 satellites. Commanders
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010. See what “Russian Space Forces” are in other dictionaries:Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (KV AF) ... Wikipedia Space Forces of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation: tasks and structure- The Space Forces are a fundamentally new branch of the military, which is designed to ensure Russia’s security in the space sector. They were created in accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 24, 2001 and the decision... ... Encyclopedia of Newsmakers Space Forces of the Russian Armed Forces: history of creation and tasks- The Space Forces of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation were created in accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 24, 2001. The first military formations for space purposes were formed in 1955, when, by government decree... Encyclopedia of Newsmakers The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, a branch of the military, is intended to ensure the security of Russia in the space sector. Created in 2001 by decision of the Security Council of the Russian Federation on the basis of associations and units for launching and controlling spacecraft of the Rocket Forces... ... encyclopedic Dictionary Coat of arms (large emblem) of the Space Forces of the Russian Federation Middle emblem of the Space Forces of the Russian Federation Flag of the Space Forces of the Russian Federation Space Forces branch of the military R ... Wikipedia Coat of arms (large emblem) of the Space Forces of the Russian Federation Middle emblem of the Space Forces of the Russian Federation Flag of the Space Forces of the Russian Federation Space Forces branch of the military R ... Wikipedia Coat of arms (large emblem) of the Space Forces of the Russian Federation Middle emblem of the Space Forces of the Russian Federation Flag of the Space Forces of the Russian Federation Space Forces branch of the military R ... Wikipedia - (VVKO) ... Wikipedia - (VKO) branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, created in Russia in accordance with the decree of President Dmitry Medvedev. The new branch of the military must be formed in Russia before December 1, 2011. See also Ministry of Defense... ... Wikipedia Books
March 24, 2011 marked the 10th anniversary of the Space Forces of the Russian Federation. They were created in accordance with Decree No. 337 of March 24, 2001 of the President of Russia “On ensuring the construction and development of the armed forces of the Russian Federation and improving their structure.” And by the decision of the Security Council of the Russian Federation of February 6, 2001. OUR HELP Space Forces are a separate branch of the armed forces of the Russian Federation, responsible for the defense of Russia in space. October 4th is Space Forces Day. The holiday is timed to coincide with the launch of the first artificial Earth satellite, which opened the chronicle of astronautics, including military ones. The first units (institutions) for space purposes were formed in 1955, when by decree of the USSR Government it was decided to build a research site, which later became the world-famous Baikonur Cosmodrome. Until 1981, responsibility for the creation, development and use of space assets was assigned to the Central Directorate of Space Assets (TSUKOS) of the Strategic Missile Forces of the USSR Armed Forces. In 1981, a decision was made to remove the Main Directorate of Space Facilities (GUKOS) from the Strategic Missile Forces and subordinate it directly to the General Staff. In 1986, GUKOS was transformed into the Office of the Chief of Space Facilities (UNKS). In 1992, UNKS was transformed into a branch of troops of central subordination - the Military Space Forces (VKS), which included the Baikonur, Plesetsk, Svobodny cosmodromes (in 1996), as well as the Main Center for Testing and Control of Spacecraft (SC) of the military and civil purpose named after German Titov. In 1997, the VKS became part of the Strategic Missile Forces. Taking into account the increasing role of space assets in the military and national security system of Russia, in 2001 the country's top political leadership decided to create, on the basis of associations, formations and launch and missile launch units allocated from the Strategic Missile Forces, an independent branch of the military - the Space Forces. The main tasks of the VKS: Timely warning to the country's top military-political leadership about the start of a nuclear missile attack; Creation, deployment and management of orbital constellations of military, dual and socio-economic spacecraft; Control of developed near-Earth space, constant reconnaissance of potential enemy territories using satellites; Moscow's missile defense, destruction of enemy attacking ballistic missiles. Troop composition: Space Forces Command; Main Missile Attack Warning Center (MC RRN); Main Space Control Center (MC KKP); State test cosmodromes of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation - Baikonur, Plesetsk, Svobodny; Main Test Center for Testing and Control of Spacecraft named after G.S. Titov; Missile Defense (BMD) Unit; Directorate for the Introduction of New Systems and Complexes of the Space Forces; Military educational institutions and support units. The size of the Military Space Forces is more than 100 thousand people. Aerospace Forces weapons: Species reconnaissance satellites (optical-electronic and radar reconnaissance); Electronic control satellites (radio and electronic intelligence); Communications satellites and a global satellite navigation system for troops, in total there are approximately 100 devices in the orbital constellation; The launch of satellites into a given orbit is provided by light launch vehicles (“ Start 1», « Cosmos 3M», « Cyclone 2», « Cyclone 3», « Rumble"), middle (" Union U», « Union 2», « Molniya M") and heavy (" Proton K», « Proton M") classes; Means of the ground-based automated spacecraft control complex (NAKU KA): command and measurement systems “Taman Baza”, “Fazan”, radar “Kama”, quantum optical system “Sazhen T”, ground-based receiving and recording station “Nauka M-04”; Detection systems, radar stations " DON 2N», « Daryal», « Volga», « Voronezh M", radio-optical complex for recognition of space objects " CROWN", optical-electronic complex " WINDOW»; Moscow missile defense A-135 - missile defense system of the city of Moscow. Designed to “repel a limited nuclear strike on the Russian capital and central industrial area" Radar " Don-2N"near Moscow, near the village of Sofrino. 68 missiles 53T6(“Gazelle”), designed for interception in the atmosphere, are located in five position areas. The command post is the city of Solnechnogorsk. Space Forces facilities are located throughout Russia and beyond its borders. Abroad, they are deployed in Belarus, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Tajikistan. Russia. This time we will talk about Aerospace Forces And we'll start with the most pleasant part. When is Aerospace Forces Day celebrated? Aerospace Forces DayU Aerospace Forces of the Russian Federation very little experience of existence. They arose on August 1, 2015 with the unification of the Air Force (Air Force) and Aerospace Defense Forces (ASD) The Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Armed Forces presents the Battle Banner of the Aerospace Forces Taking into account the merits of the personnel in the defense of the country, by decree of the President of our country, a professional holiday of the Air Force was adopted back in 2006. Their day is considered to be August 12. And since the Aerospace Forces now include the Air Force, this same day is considered a holiday! The combination of forces led to the necessary combination of the air and space spheres as adjacent areas for more convenient control over them. The creation of these forces is due to the situation on the world stage, changes in the rearmament of other states, and the increasing importance of the space sector for military-economic and social progress. Commander-in-Chief of the Aerospace ForcesThe Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Aerospace Forces is Colonel General Sergei Vladimirovich Surovikin, in office since November 22, 2017. He commanded the last stage of a group of Russian troops during the Syrian military mission. Composition of the Aerospace ForcesVKS structure consists of 3 types:
The Air Force is represented by several branches:
U Long-Range Aviation their purpose is expressed by the elimination of air and sea targets, command posts and communication connections of the opposing side. The DA units are armed with strategic bombers and Tu-160 and Tu-95MS missile carriers, and Tu-22M3 long-range aircraft. The aircraft are equipped with maximum and medium range cruise missiles X-55 and X-22 on their sides; in addition, they are armed with aerial bombs (including nuclear ones). White Swan TU-160 strategic bomber-missile carrier of the aerospace forces of the Russian Federation Frontline aviation- is obliged to provide cover for the Ground Forces. It contains: Front-line bomber and attack aviation - its arsenal includes Su-24M, Su-25, Su-30, Su-35 aircraft. On board they are equipped with a set of aerial bombs, guided and unguided missiles, air-to-ground missiles, and air cannons. Su-30 multi-role fighter 4+ generation Reconnaissance aircraft– conducts general reconnaissance during flight. The Su-24MRs in their arsenal are equipped with reconnaissance complexes. The purpose of Fighter Aviation is to counter air attacks and opposing targets in the air. They are armed with Su-27, Su-33, MiG-25, MiG-29, MiG-31 fighter aircraft, equipped on board with air-to-air missiles and air cannons. "Fox Hound" MiG-31 supersonic high-altitude all-weather interceptor fighter Army aviation– specifically provide cover for the Ground Units, supply the rear and front. Equipped with airplanes and helicopters: Mi-8, Mi-24, Ka-50, Ka-52, Su-24M, Su-25, Su-30, Su-35, providing fire cover. Equipped with air-to-ground guided missiles, unguided rockets, aircraft guns, and bombs on board. In addition, AA is supplemented by Mi-8 transport helicopters and An-26 aircraft. "Alligator" Attack helicopter Ka-52 Military transport aviation– lands manpower and equipment, provides rear transportation and technical support in war situations on water and land. They are armed with strategic aircraft An-124 "Ruslan", An-22 "Antey", long-range aircraft Il-76, An-12, and medium-range aircraft An-26. Anti-aircraft missile forces– protect military forces and points from air threats of the opposing side. They are armed with short, medium and long range anti-aircraft missile systems - Osa, Buk, S-75, S-125, S-300, S-400. Radio technical troops– engaged in identifying air threats from opposing forces. Identification, notification of management, pursuit of identified objects, control and management support of flights. Space Force They are engaged in maintaining the security of our state in the space sector. As a separate branch of the military, it existed in the RF Armed Forces from 2001 to 2011. From December 1, 2011, they were transformed into the Aerospace Defense Forces. And 08/01/2015 are considered a branch of the military that is part of the Aerospace Forces. KVs are armed with: satellites for specific reconnaissance, electronic control, communications and a global system of satellite military navigation. Air and Missile Defense Troops Formed in 1914. In their current form, they represent air defense-missile defense brigades and have primary purposes: countering ballistic and aerodynamic threats. Purpose of the Aerospace ForcesMilitary space forces have their own tasks, namely:
Russian Aerospace Forces in SyriaFirst combat experience The first combat experience was the Syrian military mission, which was highly praised by the country's leadership. Aerospace Forces personnel were involved in the Syrian conflict in large quantities and many were awarded high government awards. Even world analysts highly appreciated the quality of the actions of the Russian Aerospace Forces. During control surveillance of Syrian territory, a constellation of satellites was used to carry out visual and electronic reconnaissance, in addition, to provide radio communications. There were reports of the use of Orlan and Granat drones. Achievements of VKS At some cultural events and during demonstration flights at any air show, the Russian Aerospace Forces usually present the aerobatic teams “Russian Knights” and “Swifts”. Their skill delights visitors to those show programs. Often the impression of the flights seen encourages young guys to choose this military service. This is evidenced by surveys of flight school cadets who saw virtuosos of piloting skills. A similar and most famous event has been taking place at the MAKS air show for more than two decades, which anyone can visit. Representatives Russian Aerospace Forces clearly demonstrate their professional skills. |
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