FIRE POEMS
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Fire
Mother went to the market, She told her daughter Lena: “Don’t touch the stove, Lenochka. It’s burning, Lenochka, fire!”
Only the mother left the porch, Lena sat down in front of the stove, He looks through the red crack, And the fire is roaring in the stove.
Lena opened the door slightly - The fire jumped from the log, I burned the floor in front of the stove, Climbed the tablecloth onto the table, He ran over the chairs with a crash, Crawled up the curtains The walls are covered in smoke, Licks the floor and ceiling.
But the firefighters found out Where is it burning, in what quarter? The commander gives the signal, And now - in one single moment - Cars break out From the open gate.
They rush into the distance with a resounding ringing. There is no obstacle in their way. And turns green There is a red light in front of them.
Cars in five minutes We got to the fire, They formed a formation at the gate, Connected the elastic hose, And, swollen from exertion, He scored like a machine gun.
Carbon monoxide smoke began to billow. Gary's room is full. In the arms of Kuzma the firefighter He carried Lena out of the window.
He, Kuzma, is an old fireman, I've been putting out fires for twenty years, Saved forty souls from death, I've fought fire more than once.
He's not afraid of anything Puts on mittens Boldly climbs the wall, The helmet glows in the fire.
Suddenly on the roof from under the beam Someone's cry rang out pathetically, And across the fire Kuzma climbed into the attic.
He stuck his head out the window, He looked: “Yes, it’s a cat!” You will perish here in fire. Reach into my pocket!..”
The flames rage widely. With tongues waving, Licks nearby houses. Kuzma fights back Looking for a way in the flames, Calls the younger ones for help, And they rush to his call Three tall guys.
They destroy beams with axes, Fire hoses are used to extinguish the flames. A thick black cloud Smoke curls under your feet.
The flame shrinks and gets angry Runs away like a fox. And the stream from afar Drives the beast out of the attic.
The logs have turned black... Evil fire hisses from the crack: "Spare me, Kuzma, I won’t burn houses!”
“Shut up, insidious fire! - The fireman tells him.- I'll show you Kuzma! I'll put you in jail! Just stay in the oven In an old lamp and on a candle!”
On the bench at the gate
Lena sheds bitter tears. On the panel in front of the house - Table, and chairs, and bed... Going to see friends Lena and her mother are spending the night.
The girl is crying bitterly, And Kuzma tells her: “You can’t fill the fire with tears, We will put out the flames with water. You will live and live, Just don't set it on fire!
Here's a cat for you to remember, Dry it a little!”
It is done. Lights out. And again along the pavement Cars rushed They blew and rang. The ladder and the pump are rushing, Dust swirls from under the wheels.
Here is Kuzma in a dented helmet. His head is in a bandage, Bloody forehead, black eye - It's not the first time for him. It was not for nothing that he worked - He handled the fire well.
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We are firefighters In a bright red car We are rushing forward. The work is hard and dangerous It's waiting for us, firefighters. Howl of a piercing siren Can stun We will be both water and foam We are putting out the fire. And people in trouble We can help After all, we will fight fire Boldly day and night!
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Firefighter work
Day by day and night and day Firefighters are ready to fight the fire. And there is no second to sleep in the service, Seconds - they have a high price!
As soon as the phone reports trouble, The division will rush to the rescue.
But it’s not enough to be brave, bold, To defeat the evil and insidious fire. And you should know and be able to do a lot, To overcome the fire clearly and quickly.
Always be careful with fire - The firefighters will tell everyone sternly. Let it be less and less for us every day The alarm is calling you to a fire.
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Brave firefighters
We will tell you about those Who saves people And at the call for a fire He arrives first. Extinguish the evil flame - That's their concern. Fearlessly extinguish the heat - That's their job. These people are the best! Strong and brave They're not afraid of anything Skillful masters!
Let's face it, it's very bad
If there is a disaster nearby,
And a fire in the doorway
How the owner enters the house.
◄ Rescuers of the Ministry of Emergency Situations
There is a thick curtain over the fire
But people live in hope -
Help will arrive in time!
The Ministry of Emergency Situations is always on guard
And saves citizens in trouble.
In special suits, durable helmets
Here the fighters easily and accurately
All commands are executed
After all, everyone knows perfectly well:
Their duty is always sacred -
Save the living until the end!
Water jet and foam
Fire fighters will certainly
Destroy the flames of heat
And the resulting fire.
◄ Song about a fireman
(to the tune of the song "Pinocchio")
When there is trouble, he enters the house. Everyone has known him since childhood. He is not a writer, not a poet. But there is no braver person in the world! He is recognized everywhere Tell me, what is his name? Firefighter!
He wears a helmet on his head. And it doesn’t burn at all in a fire. He is brave, smart, good-looking. Well, isn't this a mountain? He is recognized everywhere. Tell me, what is his name? Firefighter!
◄ Song about firefighters
The sirens are calling again eternal dispute with silence, Tense hearts people freeze. Freezes for a moment even the night sky - So, the city is waiting real guys. Chorus: They got a dangerous job - Fighting the fire that stands in the way. And if anyone is not sure about this, Let him try to enter the fire. Their armor is sometimes does not save from pain, But whatever fire didn't stand in the way Until they win don't leave the fight And I ask fate: “Keep them in battle.”
Chorus.
◄ We are firefighters
We are anxiously rushing to nowhere, In the smoke of the fire, only the flame is visible. And the mind rushes around - trouble! – And black, acrid smoke before my eyes. We are somewhat akin to an ambulance, And, as in battle, we cannot be spilled. Sometimes you can't escape the trap, Arranged by fire for you and me. And in the heat, as if in the tropics, it’s hot, And the flame tears clothes with a sharp sting. Dispatchers are following us Dangerous fire routes. A wall of fire and you and I are a wall, A wall for those who are somewhere near us, So that fire never reigns, So that the fire does not rage anywhere. Let the swallows fly over the city. Children are born, ships are born. And may they always sleep peacefully And they see dreams that come true.
◄ Fire truck
The fire truck is red. Come on, think about it, why is this necessary? Then, so that everyone, seeing, runs It wouldn't bother her to go to the side.
Terrible speed! It sounds like a howl. “Everyone stay put!” - the guard whistles. Only red car Driving is permitted straight along the avenue.
Firefighters in helmets sit in two rows. There is a fire at the circus. They are going there. The roof is on fire and the arena is on fire! The firefighters got to work immediately.
Only heels flash down the stairs, Daredevils dive into the fire without looking back. They save a camel, take out an elephant... This is where skill and strength are needed.
Firefighter under the dome as an acrobat: There are two monkeys screaming in fear. There's a monkey sticking out under each armpit, He took them out and came back.
The fire has been defeated. He died down and went out, And the circus will be renovated and opened for us. Red fire truck And thanks to the brave firefighters for this!
◄ Stove puffs
I'm puffing, puffing, puffing, I want to feed you all But if you leave it on, There are so many things to do! Everything will boil away immediately, This time I'll burn white hot That's two I will burn everything that burns, That's three.
◄ Song of matches
Matches are not a toy for children - Everyone knows it from a young age. Because we are girlfriends The lights - without us they don’t exist.
We light the burners So that lunch is prepared, And we’ll light the fire deftly, And a candle, giving her light.
We have been serving people for centuries, And they are only guilty of that. That, having accidentally got to the children, Everything around against your will We set fire without regret - And the apartment, and the forests. And then the children are saved Only firemen's miracles.
◄ Do not pick up matches!
So that the forest, the animal house, There was no fire anywhere, So that the insects don't cry, The birds did not lose their nest, And only the birds sang songs, Don't pick up matches!
◄ Advice for adults
Matches are not a toy for children - Don't forget to remove them! Don't leave it on the pillow Don't throw it under the bed!
Will fall into the hands of a child, And he will start a fire. Then you will have only torment, Life will turn into a nightmare!
◄ Bad Uncle
This guy has no regrets That a cigarette butt is smoldering in the forest... Looking at such an uncle, We guys will make a speech: - Aren’t you ashamed, uncle? We need to save the forest!
◄ Fire
It can be so different - Blue and red-red, Bright yellow and, also, He can be Olympic. That fire that is friendly with us, Of course, everyone really needs it, But dangerous if it wanders Of course you're free! You'll grow up very soon And you will enter a huge world. Someone will become a steelworker, Someone will become a cook
And as firefighters - on shift You will definitely come!..
And a sea of other professions, Where, making friends and arguing with fire, You will have to live, friends, After all, you can’t live without it!
And now, fooling around, out of boredom, Don't pick up matches Lighters, candles too, After all, trouble can happen!
◄ Don't joke with fire!
I am fire! I'm a friend of the guys. But when they play pranks on me, Then I become an enemy And I burn everything around!
◄ Very important rules!
To avoid fires, Children need to know a lot. Wooden sisters In the box there are matches. You will remember, friends, Children are not allowed to take matches!
If you see fire or smoke, Call quickly, phone number - 01.
If the fire is weak, quickly Fill it with water.
But don’t you dare pour water Where there is electricity TV and iron, Mixer and socket Avoid Little kids.
◄ Very, very important rules!
Guys, remember that That you can't joke with fire Who is careless with fire? There's a risk of fire there. Don't touch the matches! There's fire in the matches! Don't play with a match, my friend, Remember, you, she is small, But from a small match The house might burn down. Near the house and barn Don't you dare start a fire! Maybe there's a big problem For buildings and people. If you want to save your property Don't leave when the stove is heating up!
When the stove is left unattended - One ember can set your house on fire.
Don't play with the electric stove. The quick flame will jump off the tile!
Be careful with gas
Gas can cause a fire!
Not allowed over a gas stove Dry wet clothes! You yourself know which one A big fire threatens the ignorant!
Do not dry clothes over gas. Everything will burn at once!
● And a small spark burns cities.
● Every person thinks about fire ahead of time.
● A small fire is better than a big fire.
● Alone at a fire is not a fighter.
● A flame is a blessing and life, if you don’t forget to put it out on time.
● They fight with fire, but without fire they grieve.
● A person without fire does not live a single day.
● With fire it is as light as with the sun, with fire it is warm in winter.
● Fire is the friend and enemy of man.
● Sparks start a fire.
● Don't joke with fire - you might get burned.
● Don't touch the matches - there's fire in them.
● Do not have the habit of carrying matches in your pocket.
● The stove is burning, don’t touch it, because there is fire in it.
● A small match burns a large forest.
● The match is not big. Fire is a giant.
● Everything went away like it was burned by fire.
● Fire and water will destroy everything.
● The fire will crack the stone.
● In the hut the spark is mischievous.
● Fires can be extinguished with water, but with intelligence they can be prevented.
● I had a match in my hands, but the hut floated away.
● Fire is the judge of people's carelessness.
● To be afraid like fire.
● Studying firefighting will come in handy in the future.
● Be careful with fire in the morning, evening and day.
FIRE HAZARDOUS FIRE QUIZ
(In 1999, by decree of the President of the Russian Federation Boris Yeltsin, April 30 was established as Fire Protection Day in Russia.)
SKETCH ABOUT A FIREMAN
Scene duration: 10 minutes; number of actors: from 3 to 6.
Characters: Leading, Firefighter, Light, The lights are small.
Introduction. The Presenter appears on the stage.
Leading: Guess who's about to He will come to our stage! His trunk is long Spews foam. Can be on any floor He enters from outside. Where our guest worked, Puddles remain But for this it’s all to him Very grateful! I myself don’t understand something, Who is this?
Spectators: FIREFIGHTER!
The Fireman comes out from behind the scenes.
Firefighter: Hello, here I am Right out of the heat! Fire Tamer I am not called for nothing. I know everything about him - Where and how was he born? What does he eat and how does he grow? What would be useful? Maybe he can cook soup for us, Warm your home in the cold, And also turn the engine - There are many places where it is needed. It's a pity, not always He finds a deal - Then he will eat the house without asking Or the whole city! I have such fire Special conversation...
Ogonyok appears on the stage from under the screen and begins to jump.
Ogonyok: Everything in the world is mine! Put it out, try it! I've already eaten a rotten leaf And grass and a stick! My father is a tourist, Mother - …
.
Spectators: LIGHTER!
Ogonyok: He set me on fire in the forest, I smoked and quit! I'm so hungry that I could I wish I could eat a couple of pine trees! I'll eat the bush and then I'll climb higher!
Bushes, trees and a house appear on the scene. The light attacks first the bushes, then the trees. He eats them one by one, getting bigger and bigger.
Ogonyok: And in addition I’ll eat The house is…
Ogonyok pauses, giving the audience the opportunity to respond..
Spectators: ROOFS!
The light jumps onto the house and begins to jump on the roof and look out of different windows.
Ogonyok: I can set the entrance on fire Walls, floors and doors. I'll eat the furniture!
Leading(horrified): Indeed, he will eat it!
Ogonyok: You can believe it! I can ignite Windows and balconies!
Leading: What to do?
Firefighter: Call I do not care...
Spectators: PHONE!
The presenter takes the phone, picks up and dials the number.
Leading: I'm dialing zero-one!
The phone rings. The fireman picks up the phone.
Firefighter: I'm listening!
Leading(in panic): Save!
Firefighter: What's happened?
Leading: We're on fire!
Firefighter: I'm leaving. Wait.
Firefighter and Presenter hang up.
Firefighter: Run far - There are no tires on your feet! To go to the fire, I need…
The fireman pauses to give the audience a chance to respond.
Spectators: CAR!
A horn sounds and a fire truck appears on stage. The fireman gets into the cab and drives away. In the middle of the stage, a passenger car appears in front of him. The fire truck slows down.
Firefighter: What a disaster! A little bit more, Will eat the fire and the stage! To give way, I'll turn it on...
The fireman pauses to give the audience a chance to respond.
Spectators: SIREN!
The sound of a siren is heard. The car disappears. A fireman drives up to a burning house in his car. Several lights are already jumping around the house. One of the Lights attacks the fireman, but immediately jumps back.
Ogonyok(offended): Doesn't burn at all in the fire Delicious though!
Firefighter: Not a simple suit on me - A…
The fireman pauses to give the audience a chance to respond.
Spectators: HEAT PROOF!
Several more lights jump on the Fireman, but run away back into the house with nothing. The fireman takes out the hatch cover from under the screen - opens it, throws one end of the sleeve there and pulls the other end towards the house.
Firefighter: I'll connect it to the hydrant Your fireman's sleeve And I’ll douse you with water!
The fireman has a thin blue ribbon stretched from the trunk to a vertical thin wire hiding behind the house. The actor moves the wire, and the ribbon wriggles like a stream of water, moving along the wall of the house without reaching the roof. The lights caught under the ribbon fall with a hiss and disappear.
Lights: Oh, how insidious!
The rest of the lights climb onto the roof, jump there and tease. The stream does not reach them.
Lights: Put it out? And here we are! We're already on the roof! There's no way you can reach us!
Firefighter (laughing): Climb higher!
The firefighter lifts the ladder attached to the car, climbs onto it and begins to extinguish the fires.
Lights: Stop pouring water!
Firefighter: Drink until you drop!
Lights: We want to eat, not drink, We don't need water!
There is only one left - the most dexterous. He jumps off the house and runs past the fireman in the other direction.
Firefighter: Why didn't you go out? Petty offender? On people like you, with us Eat…
The fireman pauses to give the audience a chance to respond.
Spectators: FIRE EXTINGUISHER!
A fireman takes out a fire extinguisher and chases a small flame..
Ogonyok: Oh, don't touch me! Don't touch it! Don't touch it! I so disagree!
Firefighter: You naughty fire And this one is dangerous!
The fireman chases Ogonyok and “hisses” at him with a fire extinguisher.
Firefighter: We can't joke with you!
Ogonyok (pleadingly): Let me live! I'll boil the kettle Just don't put it out!
A stove appears on the stage, Light jumps onto it and burns. The fireman puts the kettle on the burner.
Firefighter: Shall we forgive him, friends?
Leading: Yes, forgive me, perhaps! I'm one hundred percent sure What a good guy he is!
The phone rings. Firefighter picks up the phone.
Firefighter: Well guys, I have to go. Back on mission!
Leading: What do we say, kids? Uncle?
The presenter pauses, giving the audience the opportunity to respond.
Spectators: GOODBYE!
The fireman gets on the car and, to the sound of a siren, drives offstage. The house, the stove with the Light and the telephone disappear. The presenter and audience applaud.
On the market square, At the fire watchtower All day long Lookout at the booth I looked around - On North, South, To the west, To the East,- Is there any smoke visible? And if he saw a fire, Floating carbon monoxide smoke, He raised the signal ball Above the fire tower. And two balls and three balls They soared upward, it happened. And here from the fire yard The team left. The alarm bell woke up the people, The pavement shook. And rushed forward with a roar The team is daring... Now there is no need for a tower, - Call by phone And report the fire The nearest area. Let every citizen remember Firefighter number: zero-one! There is a concrete house in the area - Three floors and above - With a large yard and garage And with a tower on the roof. Taking turns, on the top floor The firefighters are sitting And their cars are in the garage The engine is looking at the door. Just a little - at night or during the day - An alarm will sound A dashing squad of fire fighters Rushing down the road... Mother went to the market, She told her daughter Lena: - Don’t touch the stove, Lenochka. It’s burning, Lenochka, fire! Only the mother left the porch, Lena sat down in front of the stove, He looks through the red crack, And the fire is roaring in the stove. Lena opened the door - The fire jumped from the log, I burned the floor in front of the stove, Climbed the tablecloth onto the table, He ran over the chairs with a crash, Crawled up the curtains The walls are covered in smoke, Licks the floor and ceiling. But the firefighters found out Where is it burning, in what quarter? The commander gives the signal, And now - in one single moment - Cars break out From the open gate. They rush into the distance with a resounding ringing. There is no obstacle in their way. And turns green There is a red light in front of them. At zero minutes cars We got to the fire, They formed a formation at the gate, Connected the elastic hose, And, swollen from exertion, He scored like a machine gun. Carbon monoxide smoke began to billow. Gary's room is full. In the arms of Kuzma the firefighter He carried Lena out of the window. He, Kuzma, is an old fireman. I've been putting out fires for twenty years, Saved forty souls from death, I've fought fire more than once. He's not afraid of anything Puts on mittens Boldly climbs the wall. The helmet glows in the fire. Suddenly on the roof from under the beam Someone's cry rang out pathetically, And across the fire Kuzma climbed into the attic. He stuck his head out the window, I looked... - Yes, it’s a cat! You will perish here in fire. Reach into my pocket!.. The flames rage widely... With tongues waving, Licks nearby houses. Kuzma fights back. Looking for a way in the flames, Calls the younger ones for help, And hurries to his call Three tall guys. They destroy beams with axes, Fire hoses are used to extinguish the flames. A thick black cloud Smoke billows behind them. The flame shrinks and gets angry, Runs away like a fox. And the stream from afar Drives the beast out of the attic. The logs have turned black... Evil fire hisses from the crack: - Spare me, Kuzma, I won't burn houses! Shut up, insidious fire! The fireman tells him. - I’ll show you Kuzma! I'll put you in jail! Just stay in the oven In an old lamp and on a candle! On the panel in front of the house - Table, and chairs, and bed... Going to see friends Lena and her mother are spending the night. The girl is crying bitterly, And Kuzma tells her: - You can’t fill the fire with tears, We put out the fire with water. You will live and live. Just don't set it on fire! Here's a cat for you to remember. Dry it a little! It is done. Lights out. And again along the pavement Cars rushed They blew, they rang, There is a ladder and a pump. Dust swirls from under the wheels. Here is Kuzma in a dented helmet. His head is in a bandage. Bloody forehead, black eye, - It's not the first time for him. It was not for nothing that he worked - Did a great job putting out the fire!
Made and sent by Anatoly Kaidalov. _____________________
On the market square, At the fire watchtower All day long A soldier is standing at the booth. Looks around - On North, South, To the west, To the East, - Is there smoke visible? Mother went to the market, She told her daughter Lena: Don’t touch the stove, Lenochka. It’s burning, Lenochka, fire! Only the mother left the porch, Lena sat down in front of the stove, He looks through the red crack, And the fire sings and hums: Nowadays there is not enough space in the stove, There is nowhere to go for a walk! Don’t trust your mother, Lenochka. Open the door a little! Lena opened the door. The fire jumped from the log, I burned the floor in front of the stove, Climbed the tablecloth onto the table, He ran over the chairs with a crash, Crawled up the curtains The walls are covered in smoke, Licks the floor and ceiling. Poor Lena became scared. Lena ran out into the hallway, The door closed behind itself, And the fire roars: Open! He blew smoke through the crack of the door, He stuck his hand into the hole. Lena rushed into the yard, From the yard - through the fence... And the fire is getting higher and higher. The cat is rushing about on the roof. From the neighboring gate People run out - Some with a jug, some with a bucket - Dousing a burning house. Fire! Fire! From the window to the sidewalk A feather bed falls into a puddle, An armchair, a primus stove and a picture, Gramophone and samovar... Guard! Fire! Fire! On the market square, At the fire tower - Ding-dong, ding-dong - A loud ringing sound is heard. The work begins The gates are unlocked, The convoy is gathering, They pull the ladder and the pump. From the gate without delay The barrels come out with a crash. This is the first horseman He galloped along the pavement. And behind him is a squad of firefighters In radiant copper helmets Flew through the market On the way to the fire... And the fire is getting higher, higher, Climbs out from under the roof Looks around Waving his red sleeve. Whose took it! - shouts to the people - Break the glass! Pour water! I'll run across the rooftops I'll set the whole city on fire! But it’s too close along the road The drogues are rushing by in a line. There's a gallop ahead Out of breath trumpeter. In front of the house in clouds of dust The horses were stopped. The sleeve was pointed up, The copper mouth is clamped over him. The elastic sleeve hissed, I was shaking all over from the strain And when the tap was opened, The fountain flowed high. Hey, crew, don't yawn! Download, download! The evil fire roars and burns, Threw two firefighters off the roof And the axeman Kuzma I wanted to strangle you in the smoke. But Kuzma is an old fireman, I've been putting out fires for twenty years, Saved forty souls from death, I fell from the roof ten times. He's not afraid of anything He beats the fire with his mitten, Boldly climbs the wall. The helmet glows in the fire. Suddenly on the roof from under the beam Someone's cry rang out pathetically, And across the fire Kuzma climbed into the attic. He stuck his head out the window. I looked... Yes, it's a cat! You will perish here in fire. Get into my pocket! The flames rage widely. With tongues waving, Licks nearby houses... Kuzma fights back. Looking for a way in the name, Calls the younger ones for help. And they rush to his call Ten brave fellows. They destroy beams with axes, Fire hoses are used to extinguish the flames. A thick black cloud Smoke billows behind them... The flame rushes and gets angry, Running away like a fox. And the fire gut Drives the beast out of the attic. The logs have turned black... Evil fire hisses from the crack: Spare me, Kuzma, I won't burn houses! Shut up, insidious fire! - The fireman tells him: - You will remember Kuzma! I'll put you in jail. You will only live in the oven, Only in a lamp and on a candle! There's fire here for the last time He got angry and went out. On the panel at the gate The people are waiting for saviors. As soon as we saw Kuzma, They rushed towards him with a scream - They hug, ask to visit, The pies are brought out to him. Ah, Kuzma, you are our Kuzma, You saved our home today! Dear you are our fireman, We are forever grateful! On the bench at the gate Lena sheds bitter tears. Poor Lena's house burned down - Ceilings, floors and walls, Cat, doll and bed. There will be no place to sleep at night. And in addition, for her prank Got it from my parents. The girl is crying bitterly. And Kuzma tells her: There's no point in crying, young lady. A new house will be built for you. Your cat is saved. Admire it - here it is! Lena squeezed the cat tightly And it calmed down a little. From the gate along the pavement The horseman rides off. And behind him is a squad of firefighters In radiant copper helmets He drives slowly backwards. The barrels are jumping and rattling. Here is Kuzma sitting on the road. His face is covered in burns Bloody forehead, black eye. It's not the first time for him! It was not for nothing that he worked - Did a great job putting out the fire! BINDING WORKS AND BOOK REPAIRS. Tissue paper is thin, transparent, and is used to repair the pages of a book according to the text. The thickness of tissue paper is 26 microns, and 1 m2 weighs 16 g. Endpapers are thick paper, used to make endpapers for stitching. To connect the book block with the binding cover, flyleaf and gauze are used. The strength, and therefore the durability, of a book, especially a large one, is largely determined by the mechanical properties of the endpaper. Therefore, deformation of the endpaper when moistened should be minimal. Curling of endpaper usually occurs due to the fact that the structure of the front and grid sides is different. In order to prevent the possibility of deformation and curling, the endpaper is sized in the mass (during its production). Endpaper can be white or colored, colored in the mass and on the surface, with a patterned design or embossing. -For the most part, one or another colored background, decorative or plot image is printed on endpaper paper. Endpaper can have different weights: 80, 100, 120, 140 g/m2. Currently, endpaper is produced from 100% bleached sulfite cellulose. You can make paper for endpapers and covers using your own means. To do this, oil paint is diluted with turpentine or kerosene to a liquid state. Distilled water is poured into a cuvette or vessel in the form of a baking sheet. The paint is sprayed onto the surface of the water with a small brush. The difference in the specific gravities of water, oil, kerosene (turpentine) makes it possible for the paint to adhere to the surface of the water and spread arbitrarily over it, forming a pattern similar to dark Maura. Then the paper is dipped into water and the drawing is transferred to it. The pattern should be removed from the water surface by “rolling” the paper, holding it by the edges. After drying the paper, the paint adheres firmly to it without smearing. Endpaper and cover paper can also be made by coloring. To do this, watercolor or gouache paint is diluted in glue water, using low concentration starch paste as glue. Then a layer of diluted paint is applied to the paper with a brush and any patterns are made on it, using wide-tooth combs, brushes or a sponge. The cover paper is durable, moisture-resistant, does not curl when glue is applied to it, and has high sizing. It is used for gluing the sides of book composite or all-paper bindings and for making book and magazine covers. This paper is dyed in various colors. The backlog paper is used as follows. When making binding covers, between the cardboard sides of the binding, depending on the volume of the book (the thickness of the book block), a free space is left, which is called spacing. A paper or cardboard strip, called a backing, is glued onto the spatula exactly in the middle. The margin is an important element of the binding cover. It is impossible to obtain high-quality embossing on the spine of the binding without lag. In addition, the lag makes the spine stable when reading a book. The backing paper should be strong and resilient. As the volume of the book increases, the density of the backlog should increase. The thickness of the lag must be uniform, its surface must be uniform, machine smooth. The paper for gluing the spine of book blocks is thin, un-glued, made from 100% sulfite bleached cellulose without filler; 1 m2 of such paper weighs 70 g. The purpose of gluing the spine is to increase the strength of the notebooks, close the wire staples and further strengthen the cap.
On the market square, At the fire watchtower All day long Lookout at the booth I looked around - On North, South, To the west, To the East, - Is there any smoke visible? And if he saw a fire, Floating carbon monoxide smoke, He raised the signal ball Above the fire tower. And two balls And three balls They soared upward, it happened. And here from the fire yard The team left. The alarm bell woke up the people, The pavement shook. And rushed forward with a roar The team is daring. Now there is no need for a tower, - Call by phone And report the fire The nearest area. Let every citizen remember Firefighter number: zero-one! There is a concrete house in the area - Three floors and above - With a large yard and garage And with a tower on the roof. Taking turns, on the top floor The firefighters are sitting And their cars are in the garage The engine is looking at the door. Just a little - at night or during the day - An alarm will sound A dashing squad of fire fighters Rushing along the road... Mother went to the market, She told her daughter Lena: - Don’t touch the stove, Lenochka. It burns, Helen, fire! Only the mother left the porch, Lena sat down in front of the stove, He looks through the red crack, And the fire is roaring in the stove. Lena opened the door - The fire jumped from the log, I burned the floor in front of the stove, Climbed the tablecloth onto the table, He ran over the chairs with a crash, Crawled up the curtains The walls are covered in smoke, Licks the floor and ceiling. But the firefighters found out Where is it burning, in what quarter? The commander gives the signal, And now - in one single moment - Cars break out From the open gate. They rush into the distance with a resounding ringing. There is no obstacle in their way. And turns green There is a red light in front of them. Cars in five minutes We got to the fire, They formed a formation at the gate, Connected the elastic hose, And, swollen from exertion, He scored like a machine gun. Carbon monoxide smoke began to billow. Gary's room is full. In the arms of Kuzma the firefighter He carried Lena out of the window. He, Kuzma, is an old fireman, I've been putting out fires for twenty years, Saved forty souls from death, I've fought fire more than once. He's not afraid of anything Puts on mittens Boldly climbs the wall. The helmet glows in the fire. Suddenly on the roof from under the beam Someone's cry rang out pathetically, And across the fire Kuzma climbed into the attic. He stuck his head out the window, I looked... - Yes, it’s a cat! You will perish here in fire. Reach into my pocket!.. The flames rage widely... With tongues waving, Licks nearby houses. Kuzma fights back. Looking for a way in the flames, Calls the younger ones for help, And they rush to his call Three tall guys. They destroy beams with axes, Fire hoses are used to extinguish the flames. A thick black cloud Smoke curls under your feet. The flame shrinks and gets angry, Runs away like a fox. And the stream from afar Drives the beast out of the attic. The logs have turned black... Evil fire hisses from the crack: - Spare me, Kuzma, I won't burn houses! - Shut up, insidious fire! — The fireman tells him. — I'll show you Kuzma! I'll put you in jail! Just stay in the oven In an old lamp and on a candle! On the bench at the gate Lena sheds bitter tears. On the panel in front of the house - Table, and chairs, and bed... Going to see friends Lena and her mother are spending the night. The girl is crying bitterly, And Kuzma tells her: - You can’t fill the fire with tears, We will put out the flames with water. You will live and live. Just be sure not to set it on fire! Here's a cat for you to remember. Dry it a little! It is done. Lights out. And again along the pavement Cars rushed They blew and rang. The ladder and the pump are rushing. Dust swirls from under the wheels. Here is Kuzma in a dented helmet. His head is in a bandage, Bloody forehead, black eye - It's not the first time for him. It was not for nothing that he worked - Did a great job putting out the fire!
On the market square, At the fire watchtower All day long Lookout at the booth I looked around - On North, South, To the west, To the East, - Is there any smoke visible? And if he saw a fire, Floating carbon monoxide smoke, He raised the signal ball Above the fire tower. And two balls And three balls They soared upward, it happened. And here from the fire yard The team left. The alarm bell woke up the people, The pavement shook. And rushed forward with a roar The team is daring... Now there is no need for towers, - Call by phone And report the fire The nearest area. Let every citizen remember Firefighter number: zero-one! There is a concrete house in the area - Three floors and above - With a large yard and garage And with a tower on the roof, Taking turns, on the top floor The firefighters are sitting And their cars are in the garage The engine is looking at the door. Just a little - at night or during the day An alarm will sound A dashing squad of fire fighters Rushing down the road... Mother went to the market, She told her daughter Lena: - Don’t touch the stove, Lenochka. It burns, Helen, fire! Only the mother left the porch, Lena sat down in front of the stove, He looks through the red crack, And the fire is roaring in the stove. Lena opened the door - The fire jumped from the log, I burned the floor in front of the stove, Climbed the tablecloth onto the table, He ran over the chairs with a crash, Crawled up the curtains The walls are covered in smoke, Licks the floor and ceiling. But the firefighters found out Where is it burning, in what quarter? The commander gives the signal, And now - in one single moment - Cars break out From the open gate. They rush into the distance with a resounding ringing. There is no obstacle in their way. And turns green There is a red light in front of them. At zero minutes cars We got to the fire, They formed a formation at the gate, Connected the elastic hose, And, swollen from exertion, He scored like a machine gun. Carbon monoxide smoke began to billow. Gary's room is full. " In the arms of Kuzma the firefighter He carried Lena out of the window. He, Kuzma, - Old fireman. I've been putting out fires for twenty years, Saved forty souls from death, I've fought fire more than once. He's not afraid of anything Puts on mittens Boldly climbs the wall. The helmet glows in the fire. Suddenly on the roof from under the beam Someone's cry rang out pathetically, And across the fire Kuzma climbed into the attic. He stuck his head out the window, I looked... - Yes, it's a cat! You will perish here in fire. Reach into my pocket!.. The flames rage widely... With tongues waving, Licks nearby houses. Kuzma fights back. Looking for a way in the flames, Calls the younger ones for help, And they rush to his call Three tall guys. They destroy beams with axes, Fire hoses are used to extinguish the flames. A thick black cloud Smoke billows behind them. The flame shrinks and gets angry, Runs away like a fox. And the stream from afar Drives the beast out of the attic, The logs have turned black... Evil fire hisses from the crack: - Spare me, Kuzma, I won't burn houses! - Shut up, insidious fire! The fireman tells him, - I’ll show you Kuzma! I'll put you in jail! Just stay in the oven In an old lamp and on a candle! On the panel in front of the house - A table, and chairs, and a bed... Lena and her mother go to spend the night with friends. The girl is crying bitterly, And Kuzma tells her: - You can’t fill the fire with tears, We put out the fire with water. You will live and live. Just don't set it on fire! Here's a cat for you to remember. Dry it a little! It is done. Lights out. And again along the pavement Cars rushed They blew and rang. There is a ladder and a pump. Dust swirls from under the wheels. Here is Kuzma in a dented helmet. His head is in a bandage. Bloody forehead, black eye, It's not the first time for him. It was not for nothing that he worked - Did a great job putting out the fire!
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